FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

Also known as POL_HV1H2, gag-pol. Mediates, with Gag polyprotein, the essential events in virion assembly, including binding the plasma membrane, making the protein-protein interactions necessary to create spherical particles, recruiting the viral Env proteins, and packaging the genomic RNA via direct interactions with the RNA packaging sequence (Psi). Gag-Pol polyprotein may regulate its own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, the polyprotein would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyprotein would encapsidate genomic RNA and then shut off translation., Targets the polyprotein to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus (By similarity). Matrix protein is part of the pre-integration complex. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu. Binds to RNA (By similarity)., Forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion (PubMed:8648689). Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry (PubMed:12660176). Host restriction factors such as monkey TRIM5-alpha or TRIMCyp bind retroviral capsids and cause premature capsid disassembly, leading to blocks in reverse transcription. Capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (PubMed:23785198). Host PIN1 apparently facilitates the virion uncoating (By similarity). On the other hand, interactions with PDZD8 or CYPA stabilize the capsid (PubMed:24554657)., Encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced genomic RNA (gRNA). Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Acts as a nucleic acid chaperone which is involved in rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during gRNA retrotranscription. Also facilitates template switch leading to recombination. As part of the polyprotein, participates in gRNA dimerization, packaging, tRNA incorporation and virion assembly., Aspartyl protease that mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane (PubMed:9573231, PubMed:11932404). Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins (PubMed:9573231, PubMed:11932404). This process is called maturation (PubMed:9573231, PubMed:11932404). Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell (PubMed:9573231, PubMed:11932404). Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (PubMed:7835426). Hydrolyzes host EIF4GI and PABP1 in order to shut off the capped cellular mRNA translation. The resulting inhibition of cellular protein synthesis serves to ensure maximal viral gene expression and to evade host immune response (PubMed:12660176, PubMed:19914170)., Multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be Homotrimer; further assembles as hexamers of trimers (PubMed:19327811). Interacts with gp41 (via C-terminus) (By similarity). Interacts with host CALM1; this interaction induces a conformational change in the Matrix protein, triggering exposure of the myristate group (PubMed:24500712). Interacts with host AP3D1; this interaction allows the polyprotein trafficking to multivesicular bodies during virus assembly (By similarity). Part of the pre-integration complex (PIC) which is composed of viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase (By similarity).

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EXTERNAL LINKS

gag-pol

Gag-Pol polyprotein

ligandability Mutations

gag-pol

Molecular Synopsis